Titre : | Does the impact of biodiversity differ between emerging and endemic pathogens? The need to separate the concepts of hazard and risk (2017) |
Auteurs : | Parviez R. Hosseini, Auteur ; James N. Mills, Auteur ; Anne-Hélène Prieur-Richard, Auteur ; Vanessa O. Ezenwa, Auteur ; Xavier Bailly, Auteur ; Annapaola Rizzoli, Auteur ; Gerardo Suzán, Auteur ; Marion Vittecoq, Auteur ; Gabriel E. García-Peña, Auteur ; Peter Daszak, Auteur ; Jean-François Guégan, Auteur ; Benjamin Roche, Auteur |
Type de document : | Article |
Dans : | Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society : biological sciences (372:1722 June 2017) |
Article en page(s) : | 7 |
Note générale : | This article is part of the themed issue ‘Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications’ which contains 13 contributions. |
Langues: | Anglais |
Mots-clés : | Biodiversité ; Transmission maladie ; biologie humaine ; écosystème perturbé ; TdV |
Mots-clés: | hazards, risk, biodiversity, zoonotic, emerginginfectious disease, pathogen |
Résumé : |
Biodiversity is of critical value to human societies, but recent evidence that biodiversity
may mitigate infectious-disease risk has sparked controversy among researchers. The majority of work on this topic has focused on direct assessments of the relationship between biodiversity and endemic-pathogen prevalence, without disentangling intervening mechanisms; thus study outcomes often differ, fuelling more debate. Here, we suggest two critical changes to the approach researchers take to understanding relationships between infectious disease, both endemic and emerging, and biodiversity that may help clarify sources of controversy. First, the distinct concepts of hazards versus risks need to be separated to determine how biodiversity and its drivers may act differently on each. This distinction is particularly important since it illustrates that disease emergence drivers in humans could be quite different to the general relationship between biodiversity and transmission of endemic pathogens. Second, the interactive relationship among biodiversity, anthropogenic change and zoonotic disease risk, including both direct and indirect effects, needs to be recognized and accounted for. By carefully disentangling these interactions between humans’ activities and pathogen circulation in wildlife, we suggest that conservation efforts could mitigate disease risks and hazards in novel ways that complement more typical disease control efforts. / Cet article rappelle la différence entre la présence d’une grande diversité de pathogènes, généralement liée à la diversité des hôtes et le risque pour la santé humaine qui n’y est pas forcément associé. En clair quand on conserve la biodiversité on conserve également la diversité des pathogènes qui jouent un rôle important dans les écosystèmes. Ces pathogènes ne posent problème que si l’homme y est sensible et exposé, ce risque augmentant en général quand nous perturbons les habitats. L’article détaille ces principes en se basant sur de nombreux exemples |
En ligne : | http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rstb.2016.0129 |