| Titre : | Living Mediterranean Report – Monitoring species trends to secure one of the major biodiversity hotspots |
| Auteurs : | Thomas Galewski, Auteur ; Lorena Segura, Auteur ; Juliette Biquet, Auteur ; Eleanora Saccon, Auteur ; Nolan Boutry, Auteur |
| Type de document : | Rapport |
| Editeur : | Arles (FRA) : Tour du Valat, 2021 |
| Format : | 20 |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Mots-clés : | TdV ; zone méditerranéenne ; Biodiversité ; Dynamique population ; Aves ; Mammalia ; Amphibia ; Reptilia ; Restauration environnement |
| Résumé : | The Living Mediterranean Report sheds light on the fate of one of the other major features of the Mediterranean basin: its extraordinary biodiversity, which has earned it recognition as the world’s second largest biodiversity hotspot. We conducted in-depth research to gather abundance records of more than 80,000 animal populations, belonging to 775 vertebrate species (birds, fishes, mammals, reptiles and amphibians), i.e. 26% of all species in these taxonomic groups present in the Mediterranean hotspot. This is probably the best-documented database on animal population trends available for the Mediterranean, with a volume of data comparable to that used to produce the Global Living Planet Index (Living Planet Report) 3. This impressive amount of data makes it possible to calculate an average abundance change index, representative of the region’s biodiversity, and to monitor its trend since 1993 which corresponds to the year following the Earth Summit in Rio where most nations made major commitments to biodiversity conservation. Sadly, nearly 30 years later the results have failed to meet expectations. The index shows a 20% average drop in vertebrate population abundance monitored in the region between 1993 and 2016. The declines recorded are even more dramatic for species living in marine (-52%) and freshwater (-28%) ecosystems, i.e. at sea, both offshore and on our coasts, and in our wetlands and rivers. Based on the incredible amount of information provided by naturalist experts through the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems, we can point to unsustainable practices threatening the survival of many species in these environments: overfishing (including by-catch), proliferation of dams on rivers, over-abstraction of water resources, pollution and loss of natural wetlands induced by intensive agriculture and aquaculture practices. Despite these worrying declines, there is some encouraging news from terrestrial ecosystems (forests, shrublands, grasslands, rocky areas and farmlands) where an increase in its index was observed. However, this positive trend must be interpreted with great caution as less data was collected for this ecosystem when compared to the other two biomes and some regions had less available data, notably in the South and East. There are definite increases, such as in several large mammal or forest bird populations, partly due to decades of conservation actions to strengthen their populations or protect their habitats. But the IUCN Red List also reveals that species in terrestrial ecosystems are more threatened than average, with one in four species at risk of extinction. The intensification of agricultural practices, which is leading to the loss of the biodiversity rich traditional Mediterranean agro-pastoral environments, is one of the main threats. No matter their ecosystem, most species are experiencing the effects of climate change head-on with an increase in the magnitude of these effects expected in the coming decades. A significant proportion of the species in the Mediterranean basin are endemic and have restricted ranges, meaning that they are particularly vulnerable to the degradation of environmental conditions. The climate emergency and the biodiversity crisis must therefore be considered simultaneously when looking for solutions. Despite a general downward trend in biodiversity in the Mediterranean basin, several measures and initiatives have saved numerous species from extinction and even made them flourish again. To move from small-scale increases to widespread biodiversity recovery, governments must ensure environmentally responsible governance, sustainable socio-economic models, and regulate the sustainable use of resources. Promoting nature- based solutions is crucial to mitigating the serious effects of climate change in the region. |
| En ligne : | https://tourduvalat.org/en/download/33465/ |
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Liens utiles
- 1 - Le site Internet de la Fondation Tour du Valat
- 2 - La base documentaire du Pôle-relais lagunes méditerranéennes
- 3 - Le site Internet consacré aux Oiseaux d'eau en région Méditerranée
- 4 - Le site Internet ObsNature Camargue -Crau-Alpilles - recueil de données d'observations naturalistes
- 5 - Le site Internet de MedWet, l’initiative pour les zones humides méditerranéennes
